Directing subsidiaries is one of the key tasks of a holding company, and the alignment of this task with overall firm directions, reflected in STRATEGIC ROLES, is crucial. This study aims to investigate the effects of such ROLES on the types of directing subsidiaries or parenting styles. The present research is a developing study from the viewpoint of results, a descriptive one from the viewpoint of goals, and a quantitative study from the viewpoint of data. To do the research, after the research model was generated and the corresponding hypotheses were extracted, a questionnaire including 30 questions was made to determine the parenting STRATEGIC ROLES and the parenting styles. The validity and the reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed. The statistical population of research included 500 Iranian corporate parents. The sample size was determined by the Cochran’s formula as 81 units. The questionnaires were distributed through simple random sampling. To test the hypotheses, structural equation modeling was done using partial least squares and path coefficients. The results confirmed that parental ROLES have a significant influence on parenting styles. There were also proofs for the influence of both mentioned variables on corporate parent financial performance.

Children develop their vocabulary, learn social ROLES and build relationships through reading story books. They get familiar with behaviors and actions which are attributed to men and women through these books. So the way mens and womens ROLES are represented in story books is very important. It is the main goal of this research to see how gender patterns are represented in story books. Despite the fact that statistics show that Iranian women undertake important social ROLES and are not merely restricted to their traditional ROLES such as motherhood, housewifery, teaching and nursing, they rarely appear in some of the key and influential ROLES. The method applied in this research is content analysis.

Purpose: Taking into account the different conditions in each region of the world, naval forces play different ROLES, which include: military ROLES, maritime diplomacy, policing, relief and humanitarian ROLES, which are normally expected from a deep-sea navy capable of to fulfill them. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to formulate strategies for the development of the ROLES of Nadaja.Methodology: In this applied-developmental article, a descriptive-analytical method is used with a mixed approach and using the optimal method of developing a STRATEGIC plan available in the National Defense University. The data of this research was collected by both field and library methods, and the statistical population is 70 experts related to the subject, and by using the SWOT method, the considered strategies were formulated.Findings: After analyzing the data obtained from ecology, 22 factors have been identified as strengths, 10 factors as weaknesses, 8 opportunities and 8 threats in the development of ROLES.Results: The results of this research indicate the formulation of the following eight strategies in order to develop the ROLES of Nadaja. The expected operational presence in the open seas and oceans of the world, the construction of the necessary major equipment in accordance with the ideal portfolio of superior naval defense technologies, the formation of a naval alliance with the neighbors, the establishment of peace and stability in the region, the reduction of the effects of economic sanctions, the development of ports and harbors, the development sea-oriented economy, development of Makran coasts.

Objective: People who have higher social health can more successfully deal with the challenges and ups and downs of playing key social ROLES and participate more in collective activities and prevent social deviations and anomalies. In this regard, foresight and the development of a forward-looking strategy model by the media can play an important role in promoting the social health of their audience (individuals).Method: This research has been done qualitatively and quantitatively. In the qualitative phase, content analysis and Q methods were used, and in the quantitative phase, factor analysis was used to analyze the Q method data.Results: The content analysis of the media in this study showed that the most media production in the field of social deviations with 576 cases and the lowest media production in the field of violence with 237 cases. The field of social quality with 485 and the field of social issues with 312 cases are in the second and third ranks. A small questionnaire was made and based on it, the desired model was designed using PLS software. Conclusion: This model showed that the function of media is effective in promoting social health of society and can have the greatest impact on improving quality of life, reducing violence, reducing social deviations and social issues.

This study examined how Small and Midsize Enterprises (SMEs) in Gilan Province fostered environmental sustainability through a green marketing STRATEGIC orientation, with absorptive capacity and green innovation serving as mediating factors. Utilizing a quantitative approach, the research applied Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analyze the data collected from 384 managers and employees of SMEs using a validated and reliable standardized questionnaire. The findings indicated a positive relationship between green marketing strategies, the capacity to absorb green knowledge, and the adoption of green innovation, all of which enhanced environmental sustainability within SMEs. The study underscored the necessity of integrating environmental considerations into the STRATEGIC resources and internal processes of SMEs to improve environmental performance and competitiveness. It also advocated for the development of employees’ green knowledge and skills to bolster their absorptive capacity and promote green innovation. By aligning their STRATEGIC orientation with environmental sustainability, SMEs can achieve a competitive advantage while fostering greater environmental awareness and responsible behavior among both companies and customers. This research contributes to the existing literature on green marketing and sustainability within the SME sector.IntroductionEnvironmental sustainability poses a significant challenge in developing countries, where industrial sectors grapple with issues stemming from harmful emissions, such as carbon dioxide (Duodu, 2023). Across the globe, societies and organizations strive to promote sustainability by establishing international agencies, enforcing environmental standards, and providing incentives for businesses to align with sustainable development goals (Fikru, 2016; Horne et al., 2020). However, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) have made limited strides in adopting environmentally sustainable practices, particularly in developing nations. Empirical research indicates that companies must transition to eco-friendly production methods to meet sustainability objectives and ensure that future generations have access to natural resources (Ismail, 2023).Stakeholders, including consumers and employees, are increasingly demanding environmental responsibility from businesses (Zhou et al., 2021). To gain support, companies must comply with regulations that not only promote sustainability, but also reinforce social values (Raab et al., 2018). Organizations that neglect to support sustainable development goals often struggle to maintain a competitive edge as consumer behavior is increasingly influenced by environmental practices (Miotto & Youn, 2020).Despite global initiatives, many businesses remain uncertain about how to implement sustainable practices effectively (Wang et al., 2019). Research suggests that green marketing strategies can enhance both environmental performance and competitiveness (Papadas et al., 2019). This study, conducted in Gilan Province, investigated the impact of green marketing strategies on environmental sustainability among SMEs, emphasizing the mediating ROLES of green absorptive capacity and green innovation. By addressing the notable research gap in environmental sustainability within this region, this study was particularly significant.Materials & MethodsThis research was an applied study with a descriptive-correlational design conducted in Gilan Province. The statistical population included managers and employees from SMEs in the region with a sample size of 384 individuals selected through convenience sampling. Data collection was carried out using a standardized questionnaire that addressed 4 key variables: green STRATEGIC orientation, green absorptive capacity, green innovation adoption, and environmental sustainability.To measure green STRATEGIC orientation, the study employed Ismail’s (2023) questionnaire, which consistd of 9 items. For assessing green absorptive capacity, the 5-item questionnaire adopted by Zhou et al. (2021) was used, while the 4-item questionnaire utilized by Aboelmaged and Hashem (2019) assessed green innovation adoption. Environmental sustainability was evaluated using the 5-item questionnaire employed by Cantele and Kasia (2020).To ensure the questionnaire aligned with the research objectives, face validity was established through expert feedback, leading to necessary revisions. The study also evaluated construct validity, composite reliability, omega coefficients, and Cronbach's alpha for reliability, all of which exceeded 0.7, confirming the instrument's reliability. Convergent validity was established with Average Extracted Variance (AVE) values of greater than 0.5 and divergent validity was verified using the HTMT index with all values below 0.9.Data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Smart-PLS-3 software, further validating and confirming the reliability of the research instrument. The study aimed to explore the relationships among key variables, particularly focusing on green STRATEGIC orientation and its impact on environmental sustainability within the context of SMEs in Gilan.Research FindingsThe study analyzed demographic data and employed a structural model to evaluate the impact of green STRATEGIC orientation on environmental sustainability among SMEs in Gilan Province. The demographic analysis revealed that 59.4% of participants were male and 40.6% were female with the majority aged between 35 and 45 years. Educational backgrounds varied, with most participants holding bachelor’s degrees (39.8%). Regarding work experience, 32% had less than 5 years, while 53.1% were employed in production sectors.A measurement model was utilized, analyzing factor loadings and significance levels. All factor loadings exceeded 0.5 and significance coefficients were greater than 1.96, confirming the model’s validity. Descriptive statistics further indicated that the data followed a normal distribution.The structural model was assessed using quality indicators, such as R², Q², and the Goodness of Fit (GOF) index, which demonstrated a strong fit with a GOF value of 0.581. The hypotheses tested revealed that green STRATEGIC orientation significantly influenced green absorptive capacity, green innovation adoption, and environmental sustainability.Moreover, the analysis indicated that both green absorptive capacity and green innovation adoption acted as mediators in the relationship between green STRATEGIC orientation and environmental sustainability. These findings highlighted the importance of adopting STRATEGIC green practices in SMEs to enhance environmental sustainability in Gilan Province.Discussion of Results & ConclusionThis study aimed to investigate the effects of green marketing STRATEGIC orientation, absorptive capacity, and green innovation adoption on environmental sustainability, specifically within Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Gilan Province. 8 hypotheses were tested, all of which were confirmed.The 1st hypothesis demonstrated that green STRATEGIC orientation positively influenced green absorptive capacity, enabling businesses to integrate innovations and mitigate environmental harm. This finding is consistent with prior studies, including those conducted by Ismail (2023) and Albort-Morant et al. (2018).The 2nd hypothesis revealed a positive relationship between green STRATEGIC orientation and the adoption of green innovations, aligning with the research of Albort-Morant et al. (2018) and Yang & Jiang (2023). The 3rd hypothesis confirmed the significant impact of green marketing orientation on environmental sustainability, positioning it as a crucial factor for achieving sustainability in SMEs.Additionally, the study found that green absorptive capacity significantly affected both green innovation and environmental sustainability as supported by the work of Javeed et al. (2023) and Marrucci et al. (2022). Furthermore, the adoption of green innovation was shown to positively influence environmental sustainability, corroborating the findings of Leal-Millan et al. (2016).The mediating ROLES of green absorptive capacity and green innovation in the relationship between green STRATEGIC orientation and sustainability were confirmed in the 7th and 8th hypotheses. Overall, the study suggested that SMEs in Gilan Province could enhance environmental sustainability by prioritizing green STRATEGIC orientation, innovation, and absorptive capacity. These findings offer actionable insights for managers and policymakers to promote sustainable business practices through education, green technology, and supportive policies. AcknowledgmentI extend my gratitude to the academic community and previous researchers whose work laid the groundwork for this study. Their contributions have profoundly influenced the direction and scope of this research.  

The different ways in which men and women behave are linked to، but not necessarily determined by، their biological sex. Individuals are identifi ed as male or female on the basis of physical structures، which are determined by chromosomes، gonads، and hormones. This labeling occurs at birth and is the fi rst step in the process of developing gender identity — a sense of being male or female and what that means in one’ s society.